AP Government and Politics Federalism Practice Test 2026 – Complete Exam Prep

States utilize initiative and referendum as mechanisms that embody the principles of direct democracy, allowing citizens to have a direct role in the legislative process. In this context, initiative enables citizens to propose new laws or amendments to existing laws, which can then be placed on the ballot for public vote. Referendum allows voters to approve or reject laws passed by the state legislature. These processes reflect the concept of federalism by empowering individual states to enhance citizen engagement and control over governmental decisions.

This approach aligns with federalism as it gives states the autonomy to determine how to involve their citizens in governance, promoting participation at a local level while still operating within the broader framework of national and state laws. Moreover, initiatives and referendums are often seen as a way to address specific issues that may not be adequately addressed by elected representatives, thus reinforcing the democratic principle that the authority of government flows from the consent of the governed.